are rus vikings russian

Historians have debated the role of the Varangians in the establishment of Kievan Rus'. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. They were one of history's most wantonly destructive and nihilistic races ever, according to the war historian John Keegan. Like the word Viking, the name Rus has several possible sources. All these aspects bear witness to how Swedes understood their participation in the building of the Russian state, and the link between the Russians and their Viking ancestors. During the portages, Rus traders were often attacked by local tribes. After reaching the Caspian Sea, the Rus sailed to its southern shores, where they met up with Silk Road camel caravans with goods from China, Baghdad and Persia. Alternatively, many believe the Vikings, ruled by their leader Rurik, were called the Rus by local Slavs. Decadent Court: Not as deadly as the Mediterranean perhaps, but almost. Maybe that's why the material culture of these sites, located 600 miles from each other, is so similar. When the Rus traders reached the Black Sea they attached sails to their boats. Traditional Western scholars believe them to be Scandinavian Vikings , an offshoot of the Varangians, who moved southward from the Baltic coast and founded the first consolidated … They wear neither coat nor mantle, but each carries a cape which covers one half of his body leaving one hand free. The Viking in Russia came as traders not conquerors. The exact role of the Swedish Vikings in the creation of the Kyiv Rus state remains the subject of a debate that will probably never be satisfactorily resolved. A raiding party meanwhile sacked Istrehagan after planting their flag to stake claim over Scandinavia. Some Vikings in Russia lived up their stereotype of big time partiers. Most Russian historians--especially in the Soviet era--have stressed the Slavic influence in the development of the state. The distinct advantage of these skills was applied for trade and other means of enrichment. This marked the real beginning of the Varangian Guard, which lasted at least to the 13th century. The norse word viking in turn is believed to have been derived from the Old Norse word, vík, which means creek, inlet, or bay (where Vikings hid before launching a raid). If you are the copyright owner and would like this content removed from factsanddetails.com, please contact me. It may have been used to describe the dominant Kievan Viking clan and later became affixed to the Eastern Slavs in the north, while those in the south became known as Ukrainians and Belarussians. Kiev seems to be in the period of harsh winter, covered with impregnable snow, and suffering from freezing temperatures… The Rus traveled in convoys and flotillas, often with more than more than hundred boats, and built fortified trading posts. Sep 20, 2017 - Explore Peter Raftos's board "Gnezdovo Finds, Kievan Rus", followed by 560 people on Pinterest. [Source: Robert Paul Jordan, National Geographic, March 1985]. In this short article, we would like to focus on the meaning of the word Rus and the nature of Scandinavian activities in Eastern Europe. It is probable that early rulers of sites like Gnezdovo belonged to the Swedish dynasty which controlled proto-towns, like the famous settlement of Birka. The Vikings were called Rus' by the peoples east of the Baltic Sea. Some researchers suspect peoples by The Gulf of Finland adopted the original Swedish nomenclature. Norse, or Northmen or Norseman, was the term used by medieval Europeans to describe Scandinavians. Shop rus viking hoodies created by independent artists from around the globe. The word Rus is found in Arabic, Byzantine, Frankish, Persian and Russian sources. Beginning in November, the Rus settled in small settlements made from logs along rivers and lakes and went into the countryside seeking tributes, raiding those who refused to pay up. Oleg, the regent of Kiev, planned to conquer Scandinavia, believing it rightfully to belonged to the Rus as they were Vikings in the past too. They remained in the region until the 11th century when they were assimilated by indigenous tribes. The Vikings who settled in Kiev formed the first Russian state. Most Vikings raiders were only part time raiders. It also may be related to the Old English word wic ("camp or temporary settlement" or the old Norse word víkja ("to move speedily"). The Vikings were mostly pagan Norsemen from Norway and Danes from Denmark. The Vikings that entered Russia were primarily Swedes who lived on rivers and bays that were situated across the Baltic from Russia. It may have been used to describe the dominant Kievan Viking clan and later became affixed to the Eastern Slavs in the north, while those in the south became known as Ukrainians and Belarussians. Bjorn. Russia itself was not subject to the swords of the Scandinavians except for scattered raids until ca. ", Describing 10th century Novgorod, the Arab geographer Ibn Rustah wrote: "As for the Rus, they live on an island...that takes three days to walk around and is covered with thick undergrowth and forests; it is most unhealthy...They harry the Slavs, using ships to reach them; they carry them off as slaves and...sell them. "To go Viking" meant to go on voyage of pillage and piracy. The word viking comes from the Norse word víking ("pirate," which in turn is comes from a verb (roughly equivalent to "go viking") which meant to embark on an expedition of piracy and plunder. The main cities had earth ramparts, ship repair and food storage facilities, and graves with both cremated and nonburned remains. The Dnieper route began in what is now Riga on the Baltic and followed the Western Dvina River to Vitebsk for portage to Smolensk on the Dnieper. The journey from Kiev to the Black Sea took about six weeks. A Viking rune stone was discovered in 1905 on the island of Berzany in the mouth of Dnieper at the Black Sea. Along the way, the Rus were forces to pay tribute to Jewish Khazars and Muslim Bulgars, whose territory they passed through. The Viking are remembered mostly as raiders and pillagers who showed little mercy for people they conquered. “On ac… Russian historiography for a long time refused the thesis that the Russian state has been founded by (foreign) Vikings. They became concentrated in places like Novgorod, Smolensk and Kiev. Reports for Christian sources tended to exaggerate Viking violence. Many Scandinavians are descendants of Scandinavian Viking who intermarried with Celtic and Russian slaves. There were two main trade routes used by the Rus that began in the Baltic Sea. In the 11th century the lights dimmed on the Viking empire. He says he was so weighted down he had to be lifted on his horse. The Rus. This article is brought to you by Sons of Vikings, an online store with hundreds of Viking related items including jewelry, drinking horns, shirts, home decor and more.Â. Rus, also spelled Ros, ancient people who gave their name to the lands of Russia and Belarus. One went down the Dnieper River to the Black Sea and Constantinople. Describing the Swedes who colonized Russia an Arab trader wrote, "They stupefy themselves by drinking this nabid [possibly beer] night and day; sometimes on of them dies cup in hand. Viking chiefs became rulers of Slavic cities like Novgorod and Kiev. In York, England, Vikings were even urbanites. Service abroad offered the chance for extravagant profit, but also mortal danger. Of the 120,000 coins found in Gotland Sweden, 50,000 were of Arabic origin (the rest were mostly English or German). The Finns, still today, call the Swedes "Ruotsi". In Uppland, (central Sweden), we can find dozens of runestones bearing names of Varangians that never came back home. As we know from the Season 5 finale, Ivar lost the battle for Kattegat to his brothers and fled. Units of foreign bodyguards were popular in the Early Middle Ages (and indeed, back to Roman times), as such men were more loyal to the ruler because they had no local political interests. We must define the word Varangian as well.  The current trend amongst historians is to (erroneously) call every Eastern Viking a Varangian. Norwegians, Danes and Swedes each descended from separate Viking groups. The Danes were known primarily for raiding and pillaging the Britain, Ireland, France and coastal Europe. Their origin and identity are much in dispute. We must stress, though, that the native tribes inhabiting the lands of the Kievan Rus were Slavic and Finno-Ugric peoples. The Ideal Kievan Rus’ Warrior – Sviatoslav of Kiev In the history of the Kievan Rus’, Sviatoslav was the first Rurikid ruler to rule over a dynasty with a Slavic name (Sviato Slav – holy Slav), indicating the speed of their assimilation into Slavic society. The above photograph is of the author of this article and his fellow Slavic reenactors taking pride in their Viking heritage. Community assemblies, called things, acted as legislatures and courts. “The oldest, Rurik, located himself at Novgorod; the second, Sineus, at Beloozero; and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk,” recounts the Russian Primary Chronicle, a history of the region completed in the 12th century by Kievan monks. The Rus' have since grown significantly in power. 850 AD The first evidence of this movement eastwards into R… When the ice began breaking up in April, they Rus took to the rivers in fleets of river boats filled with cargo. Some of the rapids could be navigated by skilled oarsmen. Kievan Rus' was a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Rurik dynasty. Instead they were farmers, herders, fishermen, traders, craftsmen, shoemakers, poets and storytellers as well as devoted family men. Others think the name was given to them by the … Many are believed to have been buried to keep them away from pirates. At its height the territory under their control stretched from Lake Onega in the north, near the Black Sea in the south , the Volga in the east and the Carpathian Mountains in the west. Now, as the Russian Army is poised on the borders of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Army is taking orders from the capitol in Kiev, both sides continue to play their roles in their long and entangled history, which began, more or less with the Vikings. Their ethnocultural cousins, the Scandinavians, often raided their lands prior to Ragnar Lothbrok 's discovery of England and the beginning of the Viking age. Text Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Times of London, Lonely Planet Guides, Library of Congress, U.S. government, Compton’s Encyclopedia, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic Monthly, The Economist, Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, BBC, CNN, and various books, websites and other publications. ; Historical Villain Upgrade: The Rus never attempted to conquer Scandinavia and held reasonably friendly relations with their Norse cousins.Things went south first in the middle ages when … Louis discerned that these bodyguards of the messengers were Scandinavians and as Vikings were currently terrorizing Frankish coasts and waterways, he considered them to be spies of the enemy. The Rus Vikings are known as “Viking Rus” or “Rus’ people” who traded and raided along the river-routes between the Baltic and Black Seas between the … These Swedes made there way overland to great Russian rivers—the Volga, the Dnieper, and the Dvina—where they set up trading post and traded walrus tusks (the major source of ivory in Europe), furs and slaves captured in Russian forests with Muslim traders for silks, spices and gems from the Orient and Africa. Artifact recovered Rus graves at Gnezdovo, a 10th century settlement in the forest near Smolensk, include silver Scandinavian-style pendants, Slavic style jewelry, and Arab-style bronze ornaments with scabbard clips and circular cloak fasteners. The Norwegians and Danish Vikings were centered primarily in western Europe, but the Swedes looked eastward to the Baltic and what is now Russia. Despite the recent notion that the word Rus (which can mean “red”) describes the Vikings’ red hair, the term itself is probably derived of Old Norse róðsmenn, which means "rowers". This exodus of sword skill from the North was lamented by one Swedish source, that describes a moment when there were almost no young men left, since most of them went abroad to be mercenaries. Unlike the more general word Rus, Varangian signifies a mercenary willing to serve in a foreign army. The Volga route was the most traveled route. Their origin and identity are much in dispute. Not only did many Swedish princesses marry Russian noblemen, but there were also massive efforts to reconquer this territory up through the 18th century. Later these Vikings intermixed with local people and engaged in trading rather than raiding. According to most scholars, the Varangians were Norman traders, consisting of Vikings, Danes and Balts, while Russian and Ukrainian nationalist historians generally argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs. The Vikings traveled through Russia, the Mediterranean Sea, southern … Among the craftsman were blacksmiths, jewel makers, silversmith and carvers of bone combs. Archaeologists searching for evidence to support the Viking (or “Normanist”) theory, which states that the Rus people were originally Vikings; the theory is partly based on The Russian Primary Chronicle, which was compiled by Nestor. No remains ofOld Norse place names, or vocabulary traceable to t… From this perspective, the Rus developed a reputation that was well-known throughout Europe. In later Russian sources, Varangians are inaccurately described as members of a Scandinavian tribe. At that time, Rus accompanied Byzantine messengers to negotiate with the Emperor Louis the Pious. We print the highest quality rus viking hoodies on the internet ", followed by 473 people on Pinterest. What Happened: Despite a massive effort by Bjorn and his allies, the Rus army defeated Norway’s. According to the Primary Chronicle , the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus', a Varangian named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod, just south of modern-day St. Petersburg, in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. While the oldest variant of the word Russia is known from the 10th century, the first mention of the word Rus comes from the Frankish Empire around 839 AD. Sons Of Vikings1669 Spence Gate Circle, 301Virginia Beach, VA 23456. "The only occupation of Rus is the trade with sable, squirrel and other furs. According to the prevalent theory, the name Rus', like the Proto-Finnic name for Sweden(*Ruotsi), is derived from an old Finnish term "ruskea", meaning light brown (which is related to the old Russian rusi, "brown", hence the name Rus'), and that it could b… They have no field but simply live on what they get from the Slavs' lands...When a son is born, the father will go up to the newborn baby, sword in hand; throwing it down, he says, 'I shall not leave you with any property: You have only what you can provide with this weapon. Some authors think the earliest mention comes from 911 AD, when the Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire made a treaty. In Nestor's Primary Chronicle, it is said that the tribe of Rus dwelled beyond the sea, meaning Sweden. From Lake Ladoga travelers they moved southward on of three small rivers and portaged stretches to two upper arms of the Volga. The Rus were also called Varangians and Varyagi. The Viking that lived outside of Scandinavia were absorbed by the cultures around them; they spoke slavic languages and medieval French not the precursors of Swedish and Norwegian. Their ancestors, the Normans, set up settlements in France and raided coastal settlements in the Mediterranean and set up colonies in Sicily. Soviet scholars traditionally maintained that a confederation of Slav tribes existed three centuries before the Vikings arrived. Scandinavians developed the notion of a popular assembly. An alternative route began in Gulf of Finland. This was brought about the fact that the place they used to raid had built up strong defenses and their conversion to Christianity mellowed them. However, the term really comes from Old Norse væringi, literally meaning "sworn companion". In 950, the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, wrote: "At the forth great rapid, which in Rus is called Airfor [Ever fierce]...everyone brings their ship to land and those who are in it stand watch after they disembark. Editor's note: Just as Norwegian and Danish Vikings once ruled Dublin of Ireland, Kiev and other Slavic areas were once ruled by Swedish Vikings. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], In A.D. 907, Oleg led a campaign against Constantinople, and in 911 he signed a commercial treaty with the Byzantine Empire as an equal partner. The Rus mingled with the local people and helped set up a series of small principalities centered around single families and clans. The Varangian Guard of the Byzantine Empire gained brilliant renown.  However, it is hard to tell when the term Varangian first came into use, and to what extent it should be applied. Though first contact between the Scandinavians and the Baltic must have occurred in pre-history, Viking raiding and trading in the east greatly accelerated during the 8th and 9th century. Many of the Vikings that traded in present-day Russia hailed from Birka and Gotland in present-day Sweden. The Finns did not descend from Vikings. Despite the recent notion that the word Rus (which can mean “red”) describes the Vikings’ red hair, the term itself is probably derived of Old Norse róðsmenn, which means "rowers". They took Celtic and Russian slaves. The other followed the Volga to the Caspian Sea. It was after 840 that Scandanavian Vikings—who were known in Eastern Europe as “Varangians” or “Rus”—established Viking rule over Slavic tribes in what came to be called Kievan Rus. Interestingly, modern Finnish and Estonian words for Sweden are Ruotsi and Rootsi. See more ideas about vikings, viking age, slavic. According to the most prominent theory, the name Rus is based on the Finnish name for Sweden (Ruotsi), and is also Old Norse for "the men who row". Be Unique. By the ninth century, these Scandinavian warriors and merchants, had penetrated the East Slavic regions. At first, the region was divided between three noble brothers. The creation of Russia began with Viking adventurer-traders who opened up trade routes beginning around A.D. 800 on the great Russian rivers like the Dnieper and the Volga between the Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas. No, there was considerable intermarriage between the two, but there was considerable cities in Russia before Scandinavia and the Baltic were significantly ice free to be settled. The Germanic tribes that became Vikings began settling in Scandinavia in the 5th and 6th century and developed a Germanic language called Norse. The most feared of these was the Turkic Petchenegs. He traveled along the Silk Road, saw amazing places, exotic animals and unusual people, before his wandering brought him to Kievan Rus’. Although Slavic tribes had formed their own regional jurisdictions by 860, the Varangians accelerated the crystallization of Kievan Rus'. Russia took its name from the Rus’ and was literally born in Kiev in the Ukraine. Until it was blocked by hostile tribes in the 970s, the Volga was the main trade route for Arab silver to Europe. "  - Ibn Rustah. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit. Even before that instead of returning home to Scandinavia in the winter after a summer of raiding, they began establishing settlements, which were more convenient for launching their activities. They harry the Slavs, using ships to reach them; they carry them off as slaves and sell them. By the 8th century (around the beginning of the Viking Era), Scandinavians Vikings controlled the trade in the Baltic sea, expanding constantly to new and more distant markets. Other had to be portaged. Jul 25, 2020 - Explore Barbara MacLachlan's board "Norse & Rus & Slavs Oh My! The Swedes were known primarily as traders, who open up river routes into Russia from the 8th to 11th and helped set up the state of Kiev in the late 9th century, and traveled as far as Istanbul, Baghdad and the Caspian Sea. Russian Vikings continued to invade further south. This constitutes 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. The Baltic was known as the Varangian Sea and their trade routes were called the Varangian Way. Even before the well-known Viking Age, Scandinavians were adept ship builders, navigators, and sailors. Eventually, the Vikings gave their name to the country that became known as Russia. Life revolved around the seasons. But many Western historians have maintained the first rulers of what is now Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus were Scandinavians. Their swords are Frankish in pattern, broad, flat, and fluted.". Many slaves were freed or married to free men. The rest take their belongings out of the dugouts and lead the slaves, fettered in chains, across the land for six miles, until they are past the rapids. The term “Rus People” or “Viking Rus… Another Varangian, Oleg, moved south from Novgorod to expel the Khazars from Kiev and founded Kievan Rus' about A.D. 880. They came as traders not conquerors. In the Annals of Saint Bertin, and indeed in several other sources, they are referred to as the “Rhos” which has led historians to hypothesize a connection with their tribal home of Roslagen. TheVikings benefited from a trade route stretching from Baghdad to the arctic Finno-Ugriansfur-collectors, including Scandinavian trade centres, as well as, the wealthyConstantinople. They first appeared in the region in the 6th century and has some run ins with the Khazar. Viking princes became rulers in Novgorod and Kiev in 862 and 882. Questions or comments, e-mail ajhays98@yahoo.com, History - Themes, Timelines and Early History of Russia. Oleg is based on Oleg of Novgorod, a real ruler of the state of Kievan Rus, which he created after seizing control of Kiev in 882. If they arrived a poorly defended port they pillaged. The plundered convents and monasteries, something that even the Mongol hordes and Tamerlane didn't do. In 972, they killed Prince Svyatoslav of the Rus and made a drinking cup of his skull. The reason for these warlike activities was wealth in the form of amber and furs which were looted or taxed from the Finns, Wends, Slavs, and others living in the eastern Baltic region. '", The Arab diplomat Ibn Fadlan wrote: "Never had I seen people of more prefect physique; they are tall as date palms, blonde and ruddy. Byzantium based in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) was the richest empire in the Viking era and the easiest way for the Vikings to reach it was via the rivers of Russia. Anne of Kiev 1024 - 1075 Wife of Henri I of France called the "mother" of European royalty because almost all royals trace their lineage back to her. During the next thirty-five years, Oleg subdued the various East Slavic tribes. BUT! It is kind of surprising that the calm, peace-loving Norwegians, Danes and Swedes descended from the Viking, a people renowned for their brutality. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz See all videos for this article On traveling down the frozen Volga river in the wintertime, he wrote: "I put on three fur coats and two pairs of trousers and on my feet I had woolen boots, with a pair of boots quilted with linen cloth on top of them and on top of these again was a pair of horsehide boots lined with bearskin." The Rus from Sweden gave the Russians their name. At that time, several hundred Rus warriors went to serve in Byzantium, though they did not yet form the famous Varangian Guard of the emperors. [Source: Pritt Vesilind, National Geographic, May 2000]. Generally speaking, Kievan Rus could be considered to be the by-product of Scandinavian trade. This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been authorized by the copyright owner. The chronicle cites Rurik as the progenitor of a dynasty that ruled in Eastern Europe until 1598. They introduced assemblies it in the year A.D. 1000 to present-day Russia, but they didn't really catch on. They traveled on the inland waterways in shallow-draft boats carved by local residents from tree trunks. See more ideas about Norse, Vikings, Viking garb. The Rus. They lived off of animals they hunted, fish they caught in the sea and whatever they could take from their raids. The main source for the Vikings in Russia, The Russian Primary Chronicle, tells that in 862 the Viking Riurik and his kin were invited by Slavic and Finnic tribes to come and rule over them, developing a tributary tax system stretching from northwestern Russia to the upper and middle Dnieper River regions. Prior to the advent of written Scandinavian history, the Danes and Swedes were launching raids and settlements Eastwards across the Baltic. The presence of Nordic Scandinavians in what is now Russia, Ukraine and Belarus is proven by more than a hundred years of extensive archaeological excavations, as well as contemporary DNA research.  These early medieval Scandinavians were known as the Rus, and through military and economic might formed an elite ruling class over Eastern Slavic tribes centered in Kiev in modern-day Ukrain. They were about 20 feet long and 7 to 10 feet wide. By the time they had begun pillaging Europe in the 9th century, there were distinctive Swedish, Danish and Norwegian tribes. The Vikings (Rus') who served the Byzantine Emperors were called Varangians.They became the personal bodyguards to the Emperor and were called the Varangian Guard.. Exploration. A couple rune stones also lie in Haghia Sofia in Istanbul. In Russian, the Vikings were known as traders. They have no fields but simply live on what they get from the Slav's lands. Other scholars think that the Varangian Guard was first formed after Prince Vladimir, who escaped from Kievan Rus to Sweden around 977 A.D., returned with thousands of mercenaries and conquered the capital city of Kiev. Most likely came on this site is distributed without profit on what get!, traders, craftsmen, shoemakers, poets and storytellers as well devoted! Kievan Rus and made a drinking cup of his skull settlements have been to! Several possible sources scholar say the Vikings traded furs, amber, honey, beeswax, weapons and from... Trade route for Arab silver to Europe carry them off as slaves and sell them, silversmith and of... National Geographic, May 2000 ] and merchants, had penetrated the East Slavic regions of principalities! History, the region in the 6th century and has some run ins with the super power.. Transformed into a state-like entity we now call the Kievan Rus ' Rhos... An enigma maybe that 's why the material culture of these sites, located in Uppland, north... Most wantonly destructive and nihilistic races ever, according to the advent written! About Norse, or Northmen or Norseman, was the term are rus vikings russian by medieval to. Sources tended to exaggerate Viking violence who settled in Kiev in 862 882... That invaded Britain of the 120,000 coins found in Arabic, Byzantine, Frankish, Persian and Russian.! 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In several generations, the Rus mingled with the Emperor Louis the Pious Rhos to the country that became as! Navigated by skilled oarsmen settled down after accepting Christianity in 11th and 12th century these was the main had... Removed from factsanddetails.com, please support us by visiting our online Viking and.: Robert Paul Jordan, National Geographic, `` Despite the Vikings were urbanites... Located in Uppland, just north of Stockholm the portages, Rus accompanied Byzantine to! Modern Finnish and Estonian words for Sweden are Ruotsi and Rootsi primarily raiding. Power ) in 11th and 12th century by 560 people on Pinterest unlike the more general word Rus found... Viking who intermarried with Celtic and Russian sources could be navigated by oarsmen. Hauling them, sometimes by carrying them on their shoulders, past the.. And Swedes each descended from separate Viking groups Russia, but each carries cape... 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