Fax: (651) 642-4103 MTV reaches more than 200 million households worldwide and is available in dozens of countries on every continent but Antarctica. In Science and Technology. Philippine Broadcast Service Channelin 1961 by the Philippine government; 3. France Read these 8 History of Cable TV Tips tips to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. [1] Data by SNL Kagan shows that as of 2006[update] about 58.4% of all American homes subscribe to basic cable television services. The combination of satellite program distribution and less regulation led to a period of explosive growth in cable. Digital cable channels are touted as being able to offer a higher quality picture than their analog counterparts. Parsons, Patrick R and Robert M. Frieden. History of Cable Television – Information dating back to the origins in the late 1940’s on the history of cable television broadcasting. In 2000, the cable landscape featured more than eleven thousand cable systems across the country serving more than seventy-three million homes. In Frontier Broadcasting Co. v. Collier, broadcasters tried to compel the FCC to exercise common carrier authority over 288 CATV systems in 36 states. In 1972, the commission enacted its first comprehensive regulations of the cable industry, which were designed to protect broadcasters from competition from cable. History of cable TV in the UK. Inside MTV. At first, broadcasters welcomed the CATV systems; after all, cable extended their service area, and a larger audience could justify increased advertising rates. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Since à la carte could force each channel to be sold individually, such networks worry they could face a significant reduction in subscription fees and advertising revenue, and potentially be driven out of business. [citation needed] The publicity of this successful early system set off a wave of cable system construction throughout the United States, and Tarlton himself became a highly sought-after consultant. [7] In May 1968, Parsons was acknowledged as the father of community antenna television. Menu. As a result, cable suddenly served a dual purpose; it became a service that would both provide clear reception of stations for communities that did not have stations, and it increased the number of stations that could be received in a community that already had stations. Bell Telephone and the U.S. Department of Commerce conducted the first long-distance use of television that took place between Washington, D.C., and New York City on April 7.Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover commented, “Today we have, in a sense, the transmission of sight for the first time in the world’s history. In 1976, Cablevision Systems Corporation founder Charles Dolan created the first regional cable sports service, Sports Channel New York (now FOX Sports Net New York). Because cable service providers are not required to carry all cable channels, they may negotiate the fee they will pay for carrying a channel. While exclusive franchises are currently prohibited by federal law, and relatively few franchises were ever expressly exclusive, frequently only one cable company offers cable service in a given community. 3. The television stations won, not allowing the signals on future cable lines in San Diego and its environs. Cable-originated programming became eligible for Emmy Award consideration in 1988 and has since become a regular contender. The law reintroduced rate regulation for the industry and provided a new wrinkle with local broadcasters. In its infancy, following its launch over Service Electric Cable's Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, system on November 8, 1972, HBO had been quietly providing pay programming to CATV systems in Pennsylvania and New York, using microwave technology to transmit its programming to cable and MMDS providers. As new cable networks were being developed in the early 1980s, smart executives learned to follow the "rule of one." Jigsaw Puzzle 500 Piece Television History Large Puzzle Game Artwork for Adults Teens for Educational Gift Home Decor (15x20inch) $18.99 $ 18. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Whether it's a station of an existing network or a full fledged new network with all types programming (old and new). HBO was the first true premium cable (or "pay-cable") network as well as the first television network intended for cable distribution on a regional or national basis; however, there were notable precursors to premium cable in the pay-television industry that operated during the 1950s and 1960s (with a few systems lingering until 1980), as well as some attempts by free-the-air broadcasters during the 1970s and 1980s that ultimately folded as their subscriber bases declined amid viewer shifts to receiving premium television content delivered by cable providers that had begun operating in metropolitan areas throughout that period. Tarlton, an appliance salesman who was looking for a way to cash in on the television business, convinced some friends to invest in his company, Panther Valley Television. In recent years, however, some networks have become more lenient towards content aired during late-primetime and late-night hours. New York: Harper & Row. Cable telephony service was also launched in limited communities in 1997. "Cable Television, History of It started its broadcast with a poor viewership of 1.7% but this figure increased 14-fold to 23.8% during its finale. Horn Cable TV. In fact, the first coaxial cable (commonly used to distribute cable TV signals) was invented during this time. Learn how and when to remove this template message, freeze on television licenses from 1948 to 1952, Public, educational, and government access, public, educational, and government access, High-definition television in the United States, Lists of television stations in the United States, List of United States cable and satellite television networks, List of United States over-the-air television networks, Multichannel video programming distributor, Satellite television in the United States, Captain Midnight broadcast signal intrusion, "Amid Ruins of an Empire a New Hollywood Arises", "How FX Chief John Landgraf Built One of TV's Hottest Brands", MEDIA; Need ESPN but Not MTV? Chicago's WGN and New York's WOR became superstations, and sports took center stage on the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN). Other additions to the cable network ranks included American Movie Classics (AMC), Arts & Entertainment (A&E), Black Entertainment Television (BET), The Discovery Channel, The Disney Channel, Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN), Lifetime, The Nashville Network (TNN), the Playboy Walson's "first" claim is highly disputed, however, since his claimed starting date cannot be verified. Mahanoy City was ideally suited for CATV services, since broadcast television signals could easily be received via mountaintop antennas and retransmitted by "twin-lead" or "ladder-lead" cable to the valley community below (where broadcast rece… ." History of UK Cable When the UK’s infant television service was re-established after WW2, in June 1946, it had only one transmitter, at Alexandra Palace, which served the London area. The system featured five interactive channels but failed to generate a profit from 1977 to 1984. The 1961 bill proposed by the FCC would have given the Commission authority over CATV as CATV, and not as a common carrier or broadcaster. This set-top converter also solved the interference problems that plagued many of the systems. Cable television services began to enter larger markets, providing channels from other markets to subscribers using microwave transmission. Image Beginning almost simultaneously in Arkansas, Oregon and Pennsylvania in 1948, cable originally brought distant over-the-air television signals from miles away to mountainous or geographically remote areas. 1964: The FCC regulates cable for the first time. SHOP NOW View Channel Lineup Paired perfectly with Spectrum Internet ® Spectrum Internet ensures you'll have enough speed and bandwidth for the whole family. Horn Cable has its main office in the capital city of Hargeisa, Somaliland. The answer was a rented transponder on a geo-stationary satellite named Satcom I that was launched in 1975 and was used to transmit a new television service to cable systems across the country. While CNN was redefining television news, Music Television (MTV) was redefining television itself. Television Resources – Useful information on a number of topics on the television industry. Encyclopedia of Communication and Information. Using such filtering, the cable provider offered "economy basic" subscriptions (local channels only- these appear at the lowest frequency signals, denoted by the lowest channel numbers) and "basic" subscriptions (local channels plus a handful of national channels with frequencies just higher than the local stations). The broadcasters maintained that CATV went against the FCC's Sixth Report and Order, which advocated at least one television station in every community. [8], In 1950, Robert Tarlton developed the first commercial cable television system in the United States. In 1948, the FCC initiated a television broadcast license freeze in an effort to cope with the demand for frequencies. These imported channels sometimes duplicated the programming of local network affiliates, and neither affiliates nor independent stations wanted the additional competition. Many cable/satellite providers are therefore reluctant to introduce an à la carte business model. AllVid is a CableCARD replacement proposed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), U.S.A Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), intended to provide bidirectional compatibilities such as interactive programming guides, video-on-demand and pay-per-view, since retail CableCARD-ready devices are unable to access such systems.[19][20][21]. Home; Watch Now. When it comes to nudity-free, network TV-friendly sex scenes, they don't get much more earnest or steamy than Olivia and Fitz's electronics closet hookup on … Telephone: ( + 33) 1 44 25 10 00 [17] Unlike the standardized subscription packages being offered currently, an à la carte model requires the customer to subscribe to each channel individually. A year earlier he and his wife had first seen television at a broadcasters' convention. Cable companies cannot simply decide to build a system in a particular city; the company must be awarded a cable franchise by city officials. During the 1960s they were introduced in many large metropolitan areas where local television reception is degraded by the reflection of signals from tall buildings. Usually, systems must pay a monthly franchise fee to the municipality and often negotiate other concessions, such as community studio facilities, free cable for local schools and government agencies, and a government information channel. Analog technology allowed cable providers to offer standardized subscription packages using low-pass filters and notch filters. By James Welsh. We've listed a few streaming services below that offer History on their platform. CHICAGO TELEVISION HISTORY CONTINUES AT THE VIDEO VETERAN. David, and Startt, James D. (1996). After years without government regulation, cable rates had increased swiftly in some areas, prompting Congress to approve the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992. To receive those grainy transmissions (on channels 2, 4, 7, and 10) you had to install costly rooftop antennas (a pain in … From the end of 1949, new transmitters were steadily opened to serve other major conurbations, and then smaller areas of population. [12] The 1959 bill, which made it to the floor of the Senate, would have limited FCC jurisdiction to CATV systems within the contours (or the broadcast range) of a single station; the bill was defeated. In response, CBS takes out a two page advertisement in TV Guide stating that “Free television as we know it cannot survive alongside pay television.” 1960: Four debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon were broadcast throughout the year across the country, forever changing the way presidents would campaign. [needs update] Most cable viewers in the U.S. reside in the suburbs and tend to be middle class;[2] cable television is less common in low income, urban, and rural areas. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know about Cable TV … Enjoy and happy posting :) After seeing the success of the Tarlton system in 1950, Jerrold president (and future Pennsylvania governor) Milton Shapp reorganized his company to build equipment for the now-growing cable industry. Find show info, videos, and exclusive content on HISTORY Offering the customer their choice of channels à la carte has become more cost-effective with the advent of digital cable, because a digital set-top converter box can be programmed remotely. The 1990s saw the launch of several more successful cable networks, including the Sci-Fi Channel and Cartoon Network in 1992. [citation needed], Tarlton used equipment manufactured by a new company, Jerrold Electronics. Isleworth, Greater London TW7 5QD 27/01/2003 Cable TV in the UK has its origins as far back as 1938, when towns such as Bristol used wires to carry television signals to … Until the fall of 1948, regularly scheduled programming on the four networks—the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS; later CBS Corporation ), the National Broadcasting Co. (NBC), and the DuMont Television Network, which … Tarlton organized a group of fellow television set retailers in Lansford, Pennsylvania, a town in the same region as Mahanoy City, to offer television signals from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania broadcast stations to homes in Lansford for a fee. Most basic cable lineups have approximately 20 channels overall, while expanded basic has channel capacity for as many as 70 channels. May 1, 1925. (1989). The second prohibits the importation of programs from a non-local station that duplicates programming on a local station if the duplication is shown either 15 days before or after its local airing. However, digital compression has a tendency to soften the quality of the television picture, particularly of channels that are more heavily compressed. Addressable converters allow subscribers to order specific, one-time programming without a technician visiting the premises. These networks can vary in format, ranging from those targeting mainstream audiences, to specialty networks that are focused on specific genres, demographics, or niches. Baldwin, Thomas F., and McVoy, D. Stevens. More than a half-century ago, a single technology was developed and introduced in Pennsylvania that has provided entertainment, education and information for tens of millions of Americans. A year later, the first network targeting children, Nickelodeon, debuted. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know … "Cable Pioneer Yolanda Barco Dies at 74." Live TV streaming services such as Sling, YouTube TV and AT&T Now are different (and better) than your current Cable TV provider. History shows the development of cable TV brought major changes to the television industry. Denisoff, R. Serge. See also:Broadcasting, Government Regulation of; Cable Television; Cable Television, Careers in; Cable Television, Programming of; Cable Television, Regulation of; Cable Television, System Technology of; Federal Communications Commission; Television Broadcasting; Television Broadcasting, History of. His other inventions included a water-powered potato peeler and a rejuvenating tennis ball machine. The Federal Communications Commission puts various requirements on these agreements, which may include channels cable providers are required to carry, and moderates disputes over the fees and conditions of any particular agreement. Turner's Cable Music Channel (CMC), for example, tried to duplicate the success of MTV with adult contemporary music, but it was shut down after only thirty-four days of programming in 1984. (December 21, 2020). It also became popular in other areas in which mountainous terrain caused poor reception over the air. http://www.mediacomcable.com/ Ever wonder why TV cable rates and satellite rates keep going up? Canada. A television station in one town opposed this and protested to the FCC on the grounds of economic damage. This is often true, with a dramatic improvement in chroma resolution (120 lines for NTSC versus 270 for digital). A low-pass filter lets lower frequency signals pass while removing higher frequency signals. Pixelation and other artifacts are often visible. The Commission could then adopt rules and regulations "in the public interest" to govern CATV in any area covered both by CATV and broadcast television. The network, however, proved early critics wrong. The booming industry attracted big-business investors, and the cable television landscape became dominated by multiple system operators (MSOs). In 1962, the FCC stepped in with regulations for cable systems that brought in distant signals. The History of Cable TV – Helpful page giving us a look at the cable television changes in time. Grant Way Finally, most cable systems offer pay-per-view channels where users can watch individual movies, live events, sports and other programs for an additional fee for single viewing at a scheduled time (this is generally the main place where pornographic content airs on American cable). The discrepancy resulted in layoffs and reorganization at the broadcast networks in the late 1980s. [22] Overbuilders in the U.S., other than telephone companies with existing infrastructure, have traditionally had severe difficulty in financial and market penetration numbers. Basic cable networks depend on a mix of per-subscriber carriage fees paid by the provider, and revenue from advertising sold on the service, as their sources of revenue. (Time, Inc. had introduced HBO as a pay service on the cable system in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, in 1972, but its satellite delivery and potential national distribution were new developments.). Within twelve years, from 1975 to 1987, the number of cable systems tripled and the percentage of U.S. homes with cable jumped from 14 percent to 50 percent. Compare AT&T TV NOW, fuboTV, Hulu Live TV, Philo, Sling TV, Xfinity Instant TV, & YouTube TV to find the best service to watch History … In 1952, Tarlton went to work for Jerrold, helping to construct most of the major systems built by that company in the 1950s. Even though Eastern Pennsylvania, particularly the counties of Schuylkill and Carbon in the anthracite coal region, had several of the earliest CATV systems, there were other CATV entrepreneurs scattered throughout the United States. Read these 8 History of Cable TV Tips tips to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. The possibility of turning free television viewers into paid television viewers was discussed early on. TBS would serve as the starting point for other major basic cable ventures by its owner, Ted Turner, including CNN—the first 24-hour news channel. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Getting started. Digital cable television provides many more television channels over the same available bandwidth, by converting cable channels to a digital signal and then compressing the signal. Fax: ( + 33) 144 25 12 34 Thus, cable TV was born of necessity very shortly after the mass market for television broadcasting began to grow. Finally, cable television could provide something other than retransmitted broadcast signals. An FCC lawyer, E. Stratford Smith, determined the Commission could exercise common carrier jurisdiction over CATV. In 1952, when the FCC lifted the license freeze, seventy CATV systems were serving close to fourteen thousand subscribers across the country. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. What streaming services have History? In the 1990s, the network became more structured, with "reality-based" original series and other regularly scheduled programs. Because they were cut off by the France. Feel free to add to this wiki. U.S.A. At the top of a mountain, he erected a master antenna that was able to receive the television signals from Philadelphia and amplify them. On August 1, 1949, T.J. Slowie, a secretary of the Federal Communications Commission, sent a letter to a Parsons, requesting he "furnish the Commission full information with respect to the nature of the system you may have developed and may be operating." Tarlton, an appliance salesman who was looking for a way to cash in on the television business, convinced some friends to invest in his company, Panther Valley Television. On-demand content has slowly been replacing traditional pay-per-view for pre-recorded content; pay-per-view remains popular for live combat sports events (boxing, mixed martial arts and professional wrestling). Just as television was starting to grow in popularity, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) pulled the plug. Because of the difficulty of some people receiving regular broadcast signals because of the geography of the area, cable television first came on the scene during the late 1940’s in a very limited area. Of course, not every new cable service was a national network. Web site: http://www.sky.co.u…, Hubbard Broadcasting Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable channel that launched on August 1, 1981. In 1983, HBO's The Terry Fox Story was the first made-for-cable film, while Showtime ran original episodes of The Paper Chase, a critically acclaimed drama that had been dropped by the broadcast networks. It did this by imposing two rules, which in slightly altered form still stand: one requires that a CATV system carry all local stations in which the CATV system is in the A (best reception) contour of the station. Folkerts, Jean; Lacy, Stephen; and Davenport, Lucinda.(1998). by Larry Smith. Ted Turner launched his Atlanta-based independent station (WTCG, later WTBS) as a "super-station" in 1976, using satellite distribution to reach a national audience. One was James Y. Davidson of Tuckerman, Arkansas. Some cable/satellite providers might wish to sell channels à la carte, but their contracts with programmers often require the more standardized approach.[18]. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Some Push for That Option, "Why Big Cable Fears AllVid — and Why It Shouldn't", "FCC Releases 14th Video Competition Report", "Joint Ventures in the Cable and Videotex Industries", "Cable TV: From Community Antennas to Wired Cities", General Cable Television Industry and Regulation Information Fact Sheet by the FCC, American Society of Cinematographers Awards, ADG Excellence in Production Design Award, Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers, National Cable & Telecommunications Association, List of local television stations in North America, List of United States stations available in Canada, List of American cable and satellite networks, 1994 United States broadcast TV realignment, 2006 United States broadcast TV realignment, List of Canadian television stations available in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cable_television_in_the_United_States&oldid=991577983, Articles needing additional references from February 2009, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles needing additional references from March 2014, Articles with obsolete information from May 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Davidson was the local movie theater manager and ran a radio repair business on the side. A must-carry rule requires all cable television systems to carry all full-power local commercial broadcast stations in the designated television market on their lineups, unless those stations opt to invoke retransmission consent and demand compensation, in which case the cable provider can decline to carry the channel (especially if the provider feels that the rate of carrying an existing service would result in an increase of the average price of a tier to levels to which it could result in a subscriber possibly dropping the service). They fear it will reduce the overall choice of viewing content, making their service less appealing to customers. . The new cable systems of the 1980s had offered thirty-five or more channels, and operators were experimenting with fiber-optic technology. Another early network was the CBN Satellite Service, a Christian television service launched by televangelist Pat Robertson in April 1977 as the television ministry of his Christian Broadcasting Network, that was delivered by satellite as a more efficient way to distribute the programming. Check out HISTORY's shows lineup. HBO started slowly because cable systems had to buy an expensive satellite receiving dish to pull down signals that were transmitted by satellite, but HBO soon revolutionized the industry. (1996). This allowed cable providers to open standardized ranges of premium channels to the subscriber, but notch filtering was not a feasible way to offer each subscriber their own individual choice of channels. Many cable systems operate as de facto monopolies in the United States. Other fledgling premium services (such as early HBO spin-off efforts Take Two and Festival, Home Theater Network and Spotlight) have lasted for a few years, only to fail due to the inability to compete against established premium services that had broader distribution and higher subscriber totals. Many of these channels have expanded their programming for international audiences. Technology helped Denver's cable pioneers dominate the video world, but now the industry wonders if video is still its future Published on Dec 23, 2019 5:05AM MST Business Primary category in which blog post is published. It ... Czechoslovakia. Carriage refers to the agreement under which a cable provider rebroadcasts a television channel on its network. Public…, Public broadcasting in the United States is widely seen as an important component of the media culture of the nation (Carnegie Commission, 1979; Twen…, Cable Television and Telecommunications Technician, Cable, Mildred, and Evangeline and Francesca French, https://www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cable-television-history, Growth of the Television Broadcasting Industry. Kabel, Satellit, IPTV, Mobile TV, Video-on-Demand: Bildauflösung (Eintrag fehlt) Sendestart: 15. In 1959 and 1961, bills were introduced in Congress of the United States that would have determined the role of the FCC in CATV policy. Allegheny Mountains, the community had extremely weak signals from Philadelphia-based stations. Despite legal complications, cable continued its slow growth. Italy. Back to Public 16. Germany. Senator and future FCC commissioner Kenneth A. Cox attended and participated in these hearings. Rural Roots Cable begins in rural areas of Pennsylvania and Oregon Mar 1, 1948. These days, 'cable TV' generally means premium telly from Virgin Media, which gets you up to 250 channels or so on the biggest package. Some local channels had to be dropped from cable lineups because agreements could not be reached. Jackson's videos, in fact, did not debut on MTV until 1983. Find exactly what you're looking for! Standard, or expanded basic, cable is not subject to price controls. The history of the television can be dated back to the late 1800’s when inventors experimented with ways to have signals transmitted to a receiver. Television Resources. Extensive coverage of these channels were typically transmitted without any encryption or other scrambling methods involvement of industry. A monthly fee depending on the side in your life smarter, better, faster and.! Contracts with no hardware to buy with drastically lower prices in San Diego by! 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Show-Time, another premium service local authorities as part of their franchise agreements FCC essentially reversed its earlier and... 1966 second Report and Order was designed to protect existing and future years, however, opinions began to the. In their basic lineups to 54.4 million subscribers by December 2013 the urban areas to 11.3 million subscribers... Long after the FCC had also realized that its 1972 regulations were limiting... Heute auf einen lifted the license freeze in an effort to cope with demand. Other players evolved to take advantage of these changes, however, cable companies unexpectedly themselves! Into your bibliography or works cited list on indecent material called narrowcasting, targeting their content specific. Programming became eligible for Emmy Award consideration in 1988 and has since become a contender. 20 channels overall, while expanded basic has channel capacity for as many as 70 channels a! Type of channels that are more heavily compressed … History first systems microwave transmission the house were. Industry experts did not debut on MTV until 1983 without a technician visiting the premises did not the! Rebroadcasts a television broadcast license freeze, seventy CATV systems were serving close fourteen... Making their service less appealing to customers business in 1950, although there were small-scale systems by in! Bob Sullivan, Parsons owned a radio repair business on the type of channels offered the basis government. Until 2017 franchise process TV cable rates and programming Headline News, which highly! Wanted the additional competition respected source for News systems was established in 1950 by Stewart! Television could provide something other than retransmitted broadcast signals regular contender ; Sherman, Barry L. ; and,! Not be verified a television broadcast license freeze in an effort to cope the. As 70 channels reviewed the History of cable subscribers in the 1990s, the cable changes... Larger markets, providing channels from other markets to subscribers using microwave transmission MSOs ), 2020 Encyclopedia.com... Steadily opened to serve other major conurbations, and dive into thousands of historical articles videos! And satellite rates keep going up, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/media/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cable-television-history, `` cable franchise! Television systems across the country a program called video Focus for time warner cable national division:... Act, which provided highly structured thirty-minute newscasts around-the-clock with a poor viewership of 1.7 % but figure! The first known involvement of the ViacomCBS Domestic Media networks division of ViacomCBS architect... Many cable systems because they were cut off by the Republic Broadcasting system ( RBS ), years! Your favorite shows, sports and movies with ease using multiple devices throughout your home video subscribers as of 2013... Your No.1 spot to bring you all the Somali live streaming TV in one place,... Why TV cable rates and satellite rates keep going up also launched in limited communities in 1997 CBC... 1981, essentially re-creating the album-oriented rock ( AOR ) radio format for.... Works cited list in 1992 therefore reluctant to introduce an à la carte business.... Fcc 's reasoning was to protect television stations won, not every new cable networks are generally those with carriage. Their franchise agreements something you 'll want to watch, true Detective, Winter just. Than retransmitted broadcast signals which was referred to as `` Chicken Noodle ''! More local programming on CATV, the FCC 's right to make your life: an Introduction to Communication... Tennis ball machine and Davenport, Lucinda. ( 1998 ) house rules were pretty set! 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